12F: The Tivola Whale
A Journey From Houston County
to the Smithsonian
By Thomas Thurman
Rewritten 04/July/2025
Tivola Village and Georgia’s Whales
There are Houston County whale fossils, 35 million years old, carefully stored in a drawer of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC. They were discovered during mining operations in the Tivola Limestone just south of Perry, Georgia in September of 1932. The location is at an elevation of 290ft above sea level, 150 miles inland from the nearest modern coastline. When this whale lived a warm tropical sea covered Houston County and Georgia’s Coastal Plain.
There are Houston County whale fossils, 35 million years old, carefully stored in a drawer of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC. They were discovered during mining operations in the Tivola Limestone just south of Perry, Georgia in September of 1932. The location is at an elevation of 290ft above sea level, 150 miles inland from the nearest modern coastline. When this whale lived a warm tropical sea covered Houston County and Georgia’s Coastal Plain.
The fossils were exposed during limestone mining operations at the Georgia Limerock Products Company in Elko, Ga. Just a few miles from Perry. This quarry has been in continuous operation and was considered old in 1911 when scientist from the Georgia Geologic Survey and the United States Geological Survey visited for their research on Georgia’s Coastal Plain. Miners are still working the Tivola Limestone today, it’s full of marine fossils, small shells, sand dollars, and bryozoan debris. It was named for the village of Tivola.
The Village of Tivola once stood in Houston County, it appears on many maps from the early 1900s, but it’s extinct now. The Tivola Train Station was about 6 miles east of Perry, where AE Harris Road meets the tracks. Behind the current Perdue Farms Plant.
The Village of Tivola once stood in Houston County, it appears on many maps from the early 1900s, but it’s extinct now. The Tivola Train Station was about 6 miles east of Perry, where AE Harris Road meets the tracks. Behind the current Perdue Farms Plant.
This was the shipping point for the local quarry mining the fossil-rich, Tivola Limestone. Since the limestone was shipped from the station with a Tivola tag on it, it was unofficially known as the Tivola Limestone.
The limestone formed in a warm, fertile sea powered by the strong Suwannee Current, a current strong enough to carve a large canyon (The Gulf Trough) in South Georgia which was backfilled by later erosion. The buried canyon is still there.
Once known as the Ocala Limestone for similar material in Florida, the Houston County limestone was renamed in 1986 for the extinct village of Tivola when Paul F. Huddlestun and John H. Hetrick showed that it was distinct and unique from the Florida material.
Once known as the Ocala Limestone for similar material in Florida, the Houston County limestone was renamed in 1986 for the extinct village of Tivola when Paul F. Huddlestun and John H. Hetrick showed that it was distinct and unique from the Florida material.
The whale is a Basilsaurus cetoides, the most complete specimen of this species Georgia has yet produced. At up to 60 feet in length this was the first great whale species. It emerged into the fossil record at about 37 million years ago and met extinction at 34 million years ago.
Other whales knew Georgia at the same time. Six largish lumbar vertebrae from a Cynthiacetus maxwell, a closely related species about the same age and maybe 10% smaller, were collected by the USGS Paleontologist C. Wythe Cook in 1925 from Crisp County.
At the Museum of Arts and Sciences and Macon you can see a killer whale sized Durodon serratus skeleton discovered by amateur Bill Christy and recovered in 1973 by UGA’s Paleontologist Michael R. Voorhies from Twiggs County. This whale was originally identifid as a Zygorhiza kochii but Dr. overturned that ID a few years ago and reassigned the fossil to the Durodon genus.
Durodon and Cynthiscetus are both members of the basilosaurid family.
An older and more primitive whale, Georgiacetus vogtlensis, was discovered, recovered, and described from Burke County, Georgia. The team included Paleontologists Dr. Richard C. Hulbert and Gale A. Bishop. It’s on display at the Georgia Southern Museum in Statesboro. Known as the Vogtle Whale, some researchers suspect Georgiacetus might be a direct ancestor to the basilosaurids, the teeth are very similar though less complex than basilosaurid teeth. The basilosaurids are widely accepted as the ancestors to all modern whales.
Other whales knew Georgia at the same time. Six largish lumbar vertebrae from a Cynthiacetus maxwell, a closely related species about the same age and maybe 10% smaller, were collected by the USGS Paleontologist C. Wythe Cook in 1925 from Crisp County.
At the Museum of Arts and Sciences and Macon you can see a killer whale sized Durodon serratus skeleton discovered by amateur Bill Christy and recovered in 1973 by UGA’s Paleontologist Michael R. Voorhies from Twiggs County. This whale was originally identifid as a Zygorhiza kochii but Dr. overturned that ID a few years ago and reassigned the fossil to the Durodon genus.
Durodon and Cynthiscetus are both members of the basilosaurid family.
An older and more primitive whale, Georgiacetus vogtlensis, was discovered, recovered, and described from Burke County, Georgia. The team included Paleontologists Dr. Richard C. Hulbert and Gale A. Bishop. It’s on display at the Georgia Southern Museum in Statesboro. Known as the Vogtle Whale, some researchers suspect Georgiacetus might be a direct ancestor to the basilosaurids, the teeth are very similar though less complex than basilosaurid teeth. The basilosaurids are widely accepted as the ancestors to all modern whales.
Basilosaurid fossils occur globally, they’re the state fossil for both Alabama and Mississippi, they’re also well known from Egypt. The basilosaurids found extinction 34 million years ago, about a million years after the Tivola Whale lived, but their ancestors populate all the world’s oceans and several rivers.
The Tivola Whale
The Tivola Whale is housed in the Smithsonian and cataloged as #USNM V 13690. This means “United States National Museum, Vertebrate collection, #13690”, all the material, from teeth to vertebrae, share the same catalog number.
In 1936 Remingtin Kellogg, Director of the National Museum of Natural History published the book A Review of Archaeoceti. Archaeoceti means ancient whale. Kellogg was the world’s leading expert on whales, modern and archaic. This book is a wonderfully illustrated, detailed look at their fossils and natural history. It quickly became, and remains, the leading work on cetacean (whale) fossils.
The Tivola Whale is housed in the Smithsonian and cataloged as #USNM V 13690. This means “United States National Museum, Vertebrate collection, #13690”, all the material, from teeth to vertebrae, share the same catalog number.
In 1936 Remingtin Kellogg, Director of the National Museum of Natural History published the book A Review of Archaeoceti. Archaeoceti means ancient whale. Kellogg was the world’s leading expert on whales, modern and archaic. This book is a wonderfully illustrated, detailed look at their fossils and natural history. It quickly became, and remains, the leading work on cetacean (whale) fossils.
Plate 8 of Kellogg’s whale guide is a photograph of whale teeth & jaws from the Tivola Limestone quarry of Houston County, Georgia. One tooth is a serrated, triangular molar, nearly as large as your hand, evolved to shear meat and bone into manageable portions. These were the teeth of a large, active marine predator equipped to deal with large prey.
When I first encountered this picture, I was intrigued, I live in Houston County. I reached out to Ms. Yolanda Young, a Librarian at the Houston County library branch in Perry. I knew her from doing a few fossil presentations at the library. She replied to my September 14, 2018 inquiry with two 1932 Houston Home Journal newspaper articles.
When I first encountered this picture, I was intrigued, I live in Houston County. I reached out to Ms. Yolanda Young, a Librarian at the Houston County library branch in Perry. I knew her from doing a few fossil presentations at the library. She replied to my September 14, 2018 inquiry with two 1932 Houston Home Journal newspaper articles.
The Discovery
In September of 1932 miners blasted a fresh exposure of limestone and as the dust settled they discovered the remains of a sea monster.
The Houston Home Journal reported that Professor Leon Smith of Wesleyan College was called to advise the mineon the bones they'd found. Upon seeing the fossils, he was quickly given permission to collect the specimens due to their scientific value. The quarry even suspended operations at this location and provided assistance. They recovered a single, amazingly complete, Basilosaurus cetoides.
The September 8, 1932 article in the Houston Home Journal reported the recovery of “23 sections of vertebrae, several head bones, two large pieces of jawbones with teeth, a large box full of fractions of rib bones, neck vertebra, a large lower vertebra from near the pelvis, bone from the base of the skull, large vertebra from middle of the back, one very large rib bone.” This seems to represent a large portion of the animal’s forward skeleton, a Basilosaurus cetoides possesses a total of 58 vertebra.
In September of 1932 miners blasted a fresh exposure of limestone and as the dust settled they discovered the remains of a sea monster.
The Houston Home Journal reported that Professor Leon Smith of Wesleyan College was called to advise the mineon the bones they'd found. Upon seeing the fossils, he was quickly given permission to collect the specimens due to their scientific value. The quarry even suspended operations at this location and provided assistance. They recovered a single, amazingly complete, Basilosaurus cetoides.
The September 8, 1932 article in the Houston Home Journal reported the recovery of “23 sections of vertebrae, several head bones, two large pieces of jawbones with teeth, a large box full of fractions of rib bones, neck vertebra, a large lower vertebra from near the pelvis, bone from the base of the skull, large vertebra from middle of the back, one very large rib bone.” This seems to represent a large portion of the animal’s forward skeleton, a Basilosaurus cetoides possesses a total of 58 vertebra.
The Houston Home Journal article continues by reporting; “Several other portions of pre-historic whales have been found in Georgia, including one poking out of the banks of the Flint River at Cordele when the stream was low in 1925. (This would be the Cynthiacetus collected by C. Wythe Cooke) One at a kaolin mine in Dry Branch in the late 1870s. One at Clinchfield in 1924? The one found in Clinchfield is now at the University of Pennsylvania (written in 1932).”
Additionally, a 1911 paper from the Georgia Geologic Survey reported on fossils of another Basilosaurus cetoides found in limestone near Bonaire just north of where the tracks currently cross Highway 96. This was apparently a single vertebra. As late as 2008 an end-of-tail basilosaurid vertebra was found in Houston County’s Oaky Woods by boy scouts during a field trip. More recent whale fossils have also been recovered from Georgia.
Additionally, a 1911 paper from the Georgia Geologic Survey reported on fossils of another Basilosaurus cetoides found in limestone near Bonaire just north of where the tracks currently cross Highway 96. This was apparently a single vertebra. As late as 2008 an end-of-tail basilosaurid vertebra was found in Houston County’s Oaky Woods by boy scouts during a field trip. More recent whale fossils have also been recovered from Georgia.
Why Wasn’t This Find Published in 1932?
The Tivola Whale was never reported in any science literature. Typically, a find like this would be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. This creates a lasting record which preserves not only the discovery, but what was learned while studying the fossils. Then, as now, there was a Georgia Academy of Sciences. Today, the Georgia Journal of Science, which is published by the Georgia Academy of Sciences, would be the logical destination for a find like this. Professor Smith was an active member of the academy. |
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Smith had even been celebrated by the academy for soil research. He never published his finds or research on the Tivola Whale. He did plan to reconstruct the whale for display at Wesleyan, but this never happened.
There were two newspaper articles from the Houston Home Journal over the find, one in Sept 1932 & the other in November 1932. These are the best contemporary records. A Macon Telegraph article from the same time seems to be a simple re-write of the Houston Home Journal pieces and was publsihed soon after they appeared.
Thanks again to Yolanda Young, her efforts tipped off this exploration. Otherwise, this story would have been lost.
Newspaper articles aren’t considered peer-reviewed scientific publication for good reasons. They exist to sell newspapers, not create a scientific record. Be this as it may, the Houston Home Journal articles are the closest thing we have to an inventory of what Professor Smith recoveredin 1932. They next inventory would be publsihed through the Smithsonian in 1936, and they don't quite match.
The failure to publish in 1932 and create a record in the scientific literature created problems. It led later researchers in 2021 to report 5 associated vertebrae from a single individual along the river near Albany as a most complete Basilosaurus cetoides ever found in Georgia. One of these researchers is a highly respected expert on whale fossils, especially the basilosaurids. I have since had an email from this team acknowledging the Tivola Whale as Georgia’s most complete Basilosaurus cetoides.
Remington Kellogg did create a record in his 1936 book on the natural history of whales. So between the newspaper report and the Smithsonian report we generally know what was collected and what was donated to the Smithsonian. As we'll soo see, these records suggest that Professor Smith retained a small vertebra from his Tivola Whale as a teaching tool.
Thanks again to Yolanda Young, her efforts tipped off this exploration. Otherwise, this story would have been lost.
Newspaper articles aren’t considered peer-reviewed scientific publication for good reasons. They exist to sell newspapers, not create a scientific record. Be this as it may, the Houston Home Journal articles are the closest thing we have to an inventory of what Professor Smith recoveredin 1932. They next inventory would be publsihed through the Smithsonian in 1936, and they don't quite match.
The failure to publish in 1932 and create a record in the scientific literature created problems. It led later researchers in 2021 to report 5 associated vertebrae from a single individual along the river near Albany as a most complete Basilosaurus cetoides ever found in Georgia. One of these researchers is a highly respected expert on whale fossils, especially the basilosaurids. I have since had an email from this team acknowledging the Tivola Whale as Georgia’s most complete Basilosaurus cetoides.
Remington Kellogg did create a record in his 1936 book on the natural history of whales. So between the newspaper report and the Smithsonian report we generally know what was collected and what was donated to the Smithsonian. As we'll soo see, these records suggest that Professor Smith retained a small vertebra from his Tivola Whale as a teaching tool.
Kellogg's 1936 List
On Page 20 of Kellogg's 1936 book he details the material Smith donated as well as recording the matrix from Smith’s observations, Kellogg explains that blasting damaged the fossils.
On Page 20 of Kellogg's 1936 book he details the material Smith donated as well as recording the matrix from Smith’s observations, Kellogg explains that blasting damaged the fossils.
- A number of pieces of skull with the roots of some teeth in place.
- The rear three-fifths of the right mandible (jaw) missing some teeth and others only partially present.
- Portions of the right mandible (jaw) with several missing or damaged teeth and imperfectly preserved molars and incisors.
- 11 incomplete dorsal vertebrae
- Including 4 anterior dorsals, and vertebra #9 through #15
- Portions of two anterior lumbar vertebra
- Fragments of ribs
- One middle sternum bone
- The middle half of one phalanx (flipper bone)
Unravelling the Past
I reached out to Wesleyan College several times with varying success over the years, but just this year (April 21, 2025) Dr. Jim Ferrari, Professor of Biology at Wesleyan College in Macon, replied that he had a fossil, a vertebra, whose identification and history was unknown to him. It’d been in the Wesleyan inventory longer than he’d been on staff, and its origins were unknown. He forwarded the below images.
I reached out to Wesleyan College several times with varying success over the years, but just this year (April 21, 2025) Dr. Jim Ferrari, Professor of Biology at Wesleyan College in Macon, replied that he had a fossil, a vertebra, whose identification and history was unknown to him. It’d been in the Wesleyan inventory longer than he’d been on staff, and its origins were unknown. He forwarded the below images.
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The September 1932 newspaper report states; "Professor Smith has a neck vertebra and a large lower vertebra from near the pelvis." Is this the same cervical (neck) vertebra imaged and reported in 2025 by Dr. James Ferrari and still held at Wesleyan?
I reached out to the Smithsonian and despite their current struggle with budget cuts, Amanda Millhouse, Acting Lead Collections Manager for Paleontology at the Smithsonian, responded positively. Her efforts greatly helped in unravelling this story.
In a May 20, 2025 email she explains…
“Regarding how it got here, we acquired USNM V 13690 in December 1934 from Leon Smith himself. He had been corresponding with the museum since October of that year and ultimately, we did an exchange with him.”
“In return for the Basilosaurus, we provided Smith with invertebrate fossils to be used for teaching at Wesleyan. I don’t have details on the specifics of what we provided.”
In a May 20, 2025 email she explains…
“Regarding how it got here, we acquired USNM V 13690 in December 1934 from Leon Smith himself. He had been corresponding with the museum since October of that year and ultimately, we did an exchange with him.”
“In return for the Basilosaurus, we provided Smith with invertebrate fossils to be used for teaching at Wesleyan. I don’t have details on the specifics of what we provided.”
The Current Wesleyan Fossil
I shared Dr. Ferrari’s vertebra images with Ms. Millhouse. She consulted with the Smithsonian’s Curator of Marine Mammals, Dr. Nick Pyenson. He identified it as one of the four posterior cervical (neck) vertebrae of a basilosaurid. However, from photos he couldn't confidently assign it to the Tivola Whale find or specifically a Basilosaurus cetoides.
Seeing that the Houston Home Journal specifically mentions a neck vertebra in Smith's possession in 1932 and Kellogg's 1936 report omits it from their inventory list, it would seem highly likely that the neck veretbra Dr. Ferrari reports at Wesleyan is the same fossil. The smallish, flat cervical vertebrae aren’t as robust as the whale’s larger vertebrae. They aren’t as frequently preserved.
It would seem that Smith kept the small, easily handled, well preserved neck vertebra as a teaching aid and over the years any documents or identification material associated with it became lost. This happens with suprising frequency in inisitutions.
I shared Dr. Ferrari’s vertebra images with Ms. Millhouse. She consulted with the Smithsonian’s Curator of Marine Mammals, Dr. Nick Pyenson. He identified it as one of the four posterior cervical (neck) vertebrae of a basilosaurid. However, from photos he couldn't confidently assign it to the Tivola Whale find or specifically a Basilosaurus cetoides.
Seeing that the Houston Home Journal specifically mentions a neck vertebra in Smith's possession in 1932 and Kellogg's 1936 report omits it from their inventory list, it would seem highly likely that the neck veretbra Dr. Ferrari reports at Wesleyan is the same fossil. The smallish, flat cervical vertebrae aren’t as robust as the whale’s larger vertebrae. They aren’t as frequently preserved.
It would seem that Smith kept the small, easily handled, well preserved neck vertebra as a teaching aid and over the years any documents or identification material associated with it became lost. This happens with suprising frequency in inisitutions.
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Resting Safely in the Smithsonian Collection Drawers Dr. Pyenson at the Smithsonian was kind enough to provide the images of the Tivola Whale fossils safely resting in their collection storage drawers. Including pic of the famous mandible and teeth Remington Kellogg imaged for his 1936 publication. Whale researchers across the decades and all over the world have studied that black and white picture, here we see them in color. |
You’ll notice that the fossils are broken and the edges are damaged. Most of this is because of the strong current pushing them along the sea floor before they became buried, which would have happened relatively quickly. Part of the damage could be from scavengers.
Current Smithsonian (USNM V 13690) List
Dr. Pyenson reports that USNM V 13690 consists of about 40 items including the following elements: 2 incisors, left and right mandible, vertebral centra (dorsal?), ribs and rib fragments, lumbar vertebrae, and post thoracic (sacral?) vertebrae.
The efforts of Ms. Millhouse and Dr. Pyenson at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History are greatly appreciated!
Dr. Pyenson reports that USNM V 13690 consists of about 40 items including the following elements: 2 incisors, left and right mandible, vertebral centra (dorsal?), ribs and rib fragments, lumbar vertebrae, and post thoracic (sacral?) vertebrae.
The efforts of Ms. Millhouse and Dr. Pyenson at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History are greatly appreciated!
Education
Sadly, Houston County and Georgia educators are generally unaware of the Tivola Whale. You can’t teach what you don’t know. That’s motivation enough to unravel and share this bit of Georgia history. Georgians should get the opportunity to know about contributions Georgia has made to science.
I also appreciate the involvement of Dr. Jim Ferrari from Wesleyan College in this quest, he seems to have found it beneficial. I was included on below email from Dr. Ferrari to the Smithsonian staff. I have included it here with his blessings.
Sadly, Houston County and Georgia educators are generally unaware of the Tivola Whale. You can’t teach what you don’t know. That’s motivation enough to unravel and share this bit of Georgia history. Georgians should get the opportunity to know about contributions Georgia has made to science.
I also appreciate the involvement of Dr. Jim Ferrari from Wesleyan College in this quest, he seems to have found it beneficial. I was included on below email from Dr. Ferrari to the Smithsonian staff. I have included it here with his blessings.
June 28, 2025
Dear Ms. Millhouse and Dr. Pyenson,
Thank you for investigating the story of the Wesleyan College fossil whale and for the photographs of the specimens. I did not initiate this whole search (that was Thomas Thurman - thank you!), but as a Wesleyan professor I've benefited so much from all of this information.
I'll be teaching Evolution again in spring 2026 and I am thinking of turning this whole story into a case study on Georgia geology, history of science, and the evolution of whales from their terrestrial ancestors. I think the Wesleyan connection to this specimen will really pique the students' interest and that we can easily spend a week or more on this topic.
Thank you again,
Jim Ferrari, Ph.D.
Department of Biology
Wesleyan College, Macon, GA
Dear Ms. Millhouse and Dr. Pyenson,
Thank you for investigating the story of the Wesleyan College fossil whale and for the photographs of the specimens. I did not initiate this whole search (that was Thomas Thurman - thank you!), but as a Wesleyan professor I've benefited so much from all of this information.
I'll be teaching Evolution again in spring 2026 and I am thinking of turning this whole story into a case study on Georgia geology, history of science, and the evolution of whales from their terrestrial ancestors. I think the Wesleyan connection to this specimen will really pique the students' interest and that we can easily spend a week or more on this topic.
Thank you again,
Jim Ferrari, Ph.D.
Department of Biology
Wesleyan College, Macon, GA
Houston County’s village of Tivola is long gone, but the name will linger in Georgia’s geologic literature for as long as such research is preserved by the state. Sadly, the Georgia Geologic Survey no longer exists, it was “abolished” in 2004. Still, their published research is available online.
Other scientifically important fossils have come from the Tivola Limestone; smaller whales, a dozen sharks, a terminator pig and even today researchers at the Florida Museum of Natural history in Gainesville are reviewing the snout of a terrestrial herbivore known as an oreodont, which also came from Houston County’s Tivola Limestone. The oreodont fossil will represent a scientifically important “earliest report in the southeast” for a well-established genus. It will extend the known range of the animal.
Other scientifically important fossils have come from the Tivola Limestone; smaller whales, a dozen sharks, a terminator pig and even today researchers at the Florida Museum of Natural history in Gainesville are reviewing the snout of a terrestrial herbivore known as an oreodont, which also came from Houston County’s Tivola Limestone. The oreodont fossil will represent a scientifically important “earliest report in the southeast” for a well-established genus. It will extend the known range of the animal.
The modern miners at Cemex continue to share with science any unusual fossils they find.
It took 7 years to unravel the history of how fossils from Houston County passed through Wesleyan College and ended up at the Smithsonian, of how they were included in Remington Kellogg’s wonderful publication on the natural history of whales. It was a good journey. Now that it’s complete there other journeys to make through Georgia’s natural history.
References
- Veatch, Otto, & Stephenson, Lloyd William; Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, Geological Survey of Georgia, Bulletin 26, 1911
- Pre-Historic Whale Bones Found In Mine Near Perry; Houston Home Journal, Perry, GA, Thursday, 8/Sept/1932
- Perry Whale Fossil Only One of Kind in N. America, Houston Home Journal, Perry, GA, Thursday, 3/November/1932 (No author credited)
- Kellogg, Remington; A Review of the Archaeoceti, Carnegie Institution, Pub. 20, Published 1936
- Huddlestun, Paul F.; Hetrick, John H,;Upper Eocene Stratigraphy of Central & Eastern Georgia, Bulletin 95, Page 24, Georgia Geologic Survey, 1986
- Manker, J.P.; Carter, Burchard D; Paleoecology and Paleogeography of an Extensive Rhodolith facies from the Lower Oligocene of South Georgia and North Florida. Society for Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists (Now the Society for Sedimentary Geology) Published in Palaios, 1987, Vol.2, pg. 181-188.
- Huddlestun, Paul F; The Oligocene, A Revision of the Lithostratigraphic Units of the Coastal Plain of Georgia. Bulletin 105, Georgia Geologic Survey, Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division. 1993
- Hulbert, Richard, Jr. Petkewich, Richard M; Bishop, Gale A.; Bukry David; & Aleshire, David P; A New Middle Eocene Protocetid Whale (Mammalia: Cetacea: Archeoceti) and associated Biota From Georgia. Journal of Paleontology, Vol.72, No.5, 1998. The Paleontological Society
- Uhen, Mark D.; A Review Of North American Basilosauridae, Contributions to Alabama Paleontology, Alabama Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 31, Vol.1, April 1, 2013
- Brantley, J. E. (Assistant State Geologist); A Report on the Limestones and Marls of the Coastal Plain of Georgia; Bulletin 21, Georgia Geologic Survey, 1916
Remington Kellogg, 1936 A Review of Archaeoceti
| kellogg_archaeoceti.pdf |
PDF files of the original newspaper pages.
| 2_whale_houston_county_8sept1932.pdf |
| 1_whale_houston_county_13nov1932.pdf |
