5E; Fossils of Northwest Georgia
By
Thomas Thurman
16/March/2025
Allen & Lester
In 1954 A. T. Allen & J. G. Lester from Emory University published the report Contributions to the Paleontology of Northwest Georgia and it is available as a free download from the State of Georgia at the link below or as a download at the base of this page. This is the Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 62.
In 1954 A. T. Allen & J. G. Lester from Emory University published the report Contributions to the Paleontology of Northwest Georgia and it is available as a free download from the State of Georgia at the link below or as a download at the base of this page. This is the Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 62.
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Using This Page...
As you scroll down you'll see
I have retained the 1954 stratigraphy nomenclature and dating of sediments simply because I am not personally familiar with these deposits, nor am I in a position to study them in detail.
I'd hoped that local amateurs, more familiar with the area, would offer to create an article such as this. But in the end I'm supplying NW GA explorers such information as I can. I hope you'll report your findings back to me so that we can expand our knowledge. An explorer reports their finds so that others may share what was learned.
As you scroll down you'll see
- The 1954 plates (illustrations)
- Beneath the illustations are species lists by image number.
- Beneath the species lists are the 1954 maps showing localities.
- I've covered Plates 1 through 6, but there are 38 plates of fossils in Bulletin 62 and I just can't add all of them, it would make this page monstrous.
- The bulletin can be downloaded at the base of this page and I encourge you to review it.
- There is a gallery at the base of thios page showing all the plates in Bulletin 62.
I have retained the 1954 stratigraphy nomenclature and dating of sediments simply because I am not personally familiar with these deposits, nor am I in a position to study them in detail.
I'd hoped that local amateurs, more familiar with the area, would offer to create an article such as this. But in the end I'm supplying NW GA explorers such information as I can. I hope you'll report your findings back to me so that we can expand our knowledge. An explorer reports their finds so that others may share what was learned.
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Georgia Geologic Survey bulletins can be downloaded here
epd.georgia.gov/outreach/publications/georgia-geologic-survey-bulletins
epd.georgia.gov/outreach/publications/georgia-geologic-survey-bulletins
If you hunt fossils in NW GA then Bulletin 62 is for you.
I’m going to cover it here but my work will be a pale imitation of the original. Bear in mind, this report was written 70+ years ago, a lot of roads have been widened, changed, and built. Construction of all types has very likely erased many of these sites, but it would be worthwhile to have a look.
As stated (below) by the authors, this paper was written to support amateur exploration.
As stated (below) by the authors, this paper was written to support amateur exploration.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PALEONTOLOGY
OF NORTHWEST GEORGIA
A. T. Allen and J. G. Lester
OF NORTHWEST GEORGIA
A. T. Allen and J. G. Lester
INTRODUCTION
This report is presented with the hope that it will serve the multiple purposes of aiding the paleontologist in making systematic collections of Paleozoic fossils, aiding the student in taxonomic identifications, and in helping to stimulate the beginner to devote more effort to the collecting and identification of fossil specimens.
Much thought has been given as to the best and most orderly method of presentation. At first the idea of grouping the illustrations purely on geographic locality was considered because by so doing directions could begiven easily.
However, confusion would result from the close proximity of formations of different geologic age and repetition would be necessary in making complete lists in different areas.
Therefore, it has been decided to list the specimens by arbitrarily chosen stratigraphic units and to show their geographic occurrence on the small index maps which are included with the plates and also on the larger location map in the pocket.
This report is presented with the hope that it will serve the multiple purposes of aiding the paleontologist in making systematic collections of Paleozoic fossils, aiding the student in taxonomic identifications, and in helping to stimulate the beginner to devote more effort to the collecting and identification of fossil specimens.
Much thought has been given as to the best and most orderly method of presentation. At first the idea of grouping the illustrations purely on geographic locality was considered because by so doing directions could begiven easily.
However, confusion would result from the close proximity of formations of different geologic age and repetition would be necessary in making complete lists in different areas.
Therefore, it has been decided to list the specimens by arbitrarily chosen stratigraphic units and to show their geographic occurrence on the small index maps which are included with the plates and also on the larger location map in the pocket.
I have reproduced the Index Maps here and broken the larger location map into segments which are shown in a gallery at the base of this page.
Please be aware of current property ownership, get the necessary permissions to collect, & please don't trespass.
Please be aware of current property ownership, get the necessary permissions to collect, & please don't trespass.
Plate 1
Cambrian System
Conasauga Formation
The Conasauga Formation is composed of massive blue to black crystalline limestones, fine-grained, light-gray limestones, and greenish to yellow shales. On weathering the calcium carbonate leaches from the argillaceous limestones and the percentage of shale in outcrops appears much higher than in the un-weathered rock. In some of the shale zones, clay concretions develop and many of the recognizable fossils occur on the surface of these concretions.
Conasauga Formation
The Conasauga Formation is composed of massive blue to black crystalline limestones, fine-grained, light-gray limestones, and greenish to yellow shales. On weathering the calcium carbonate leaches from the argillaceous limestones and the percentage of shale in outcrops appears much higher than in the un-weathered rock. In some of the shale zones, clay concretions develop and many of the recognizable fossils occur on the surface of these concretions.
Fossils are sparse in the Conasauga in Georgia. Those figured are from
three general localities:
three general localities:
- West of Rome in the vicinity of Livingston and in the bend of
- In the Bluffs of the Coosa River at Cedar Bluff, Alabama.
- Northeast of Dalton.
Plate 2
Cambrian Trilobites
Maps below image & species list
Maps below image & species list
Plate 2 Fossils
Conasauga Formation trilobites
Image 1-4.
Elrathiella buttsi
Complete specimens
Collected on Spann Farm, western part of Floyd County, Index
Index Map 1, location A. Plate 2 Locality (Blue Oval)
Image 5.
Elrathia sp.
Complete specimen
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. Plate 2 Locality (Blue Oval)
Image 6.
Elrathiella buttsi
Complete specimen
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. Plate 2 Locality (Blue Oval)
Image 7, 8.
Armonia elongata
Complete specimens
Collected at Index Map 1, Location B. (Brown Oval)
Image 9, 13.
Coosia superba
Nearly complete specimens
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 10, 11.
Blania gregaria
Nearly complete specimen
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 12.
Coosia superba
Cephalon
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 14.
Elrathiella buttsi
Concretion with cephalons of this form
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 15, 17.
Coosia superba
Genal spine and cephalon
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 16.
Coosia superba
Pygidium
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 18.
Eteraspis glabra
Pygidium
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 19.
Coosia superba
Cephalon
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 20, 21.
Tricrepicephalus cedarensis
Casts of nearly complete specimens
Collected at Cedar Bluff, Alabama.
Image 22.
Coosella curticei
Complete specimen
Collected Oak Grove School, 14 miles east of Dalton, Site 1 on Location Map 6.
Image 23.
Asphelaspis hamblensis
Complete specimen
Collected near south edge of Dalton near Dug Gap Church,
Location 47 on Location Map 6.
Image 24.
Solenopleurella buttsi
Complete specimen
Collected Oak Grove School, 14 miles east of Dalton, Site 1 on Location Map 6. (See Coosella curticei map)
Image 25.
Asaphiscus sp.
Incomplete specimen
Collected at Index Map 1, Location B. (Brown Oval)
Conasauga Formation trilobites
Image 1-4.
Elrathiella buttsi
Complete specimens
Collected on Spann Farm, western part of Floyd County, Index
Index Map 1, location A. Plate 2 Locality (Blue Oval)
Image 5.
Elrathia sp.
Complete specimen
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. Plate 2 Locality (Blue Oval)
Image 6.
Elrathiella buttsi
Complete specimen
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. Plate 2 Locality (Blue Oval)
Image 7, 8.
Armonia elongata
Complete specimens
Collected at Index Map 1, Location B. (Brown Oval)
Image 9, 13.
Coosia superba
Nearly complete specimens
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 10, 11.
Blania gregaria
Nearly complete specimen
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 12.
Coosia superba
Cephalon
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 14.
Elrathiella buttsi
Concretion with cephalons of this form
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 15, 17.
Coosia superba
Genal spine and cephalon
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 16.
Coosia superba
Pygidium
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 18.
Eteraspis glabra
Pygidium
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 19.
Coosia superba
Cephalon
Collected at Index Map 1, location A. (Blue Oval)
Image 20, 21.
Tricrepicephalus cedarensis
Casts of nearly complete specimens
Collected at Cedar Bluff, Alabama.
Image 22.
Coosella curticei
Complete specimen
Collected Oak Grove School, 14 miles east of Dalton, Site 1 on Location Map 6.
Image 23.
Asphelaspis hamblensis
Complete specimen
Collected near south edge of Dalton near Dug Gap Church,
Location 47 on Location Map 6.
Image 24.
Solenopleurella buttsi
Complete specimen
Collected Oak Grove School, 14 miles east of Dalton, Site 1 on Location Map 6. (See Coosella curticei map)
Image 25.
Asaphiscus sp.
Incomplete specimen
Collected at Index Map 1, Location B. (Brown Oval)
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Plate 3
Cambrian/Ordovician
The Knox Group
The formations constituting the Knox group are of upper Cambrian and lower Ordovician age. At present, the Copper Ridge formation is considered to be upper Cambrian, and the Chepultepec, the Longview, and the Newala formations to be lower Ordovician. Although Butts separates the Newala from the Knox in Georgia because of its easily recognizable lithology, it is the correlative of the upper Knox formations in Tennessee.
The Knox dolomite comprises one of the most widespread groups in northwestern Georgia. Together with the underlying Rome and Conasauga formations it occupies the eastern one-half of the Paleozoic province.
The strata are composed of massively bedded dolomite and limestone with interbedded chert layers and nodules. The dolomite predominates in the lower part and the limestone is more common in the upper part.
Outcrops of the Knox are rare because of the easily soluble nature of the limestone and dolomite and only can be found as scattered exposures or along the major streams. Normally the group can be recognized by the characteristics of the chert residuum and by its topographic expression.
Seldom are fossils found except preserved in the secondary chert. The fossils figured on plate 3 are from the Longview formation and many of them were collected from two localities: Butts' specimens from an isolated exposure on Bamby's Farm two miles west of Trion and from chert residuum along Chickamauga and Hurricane Creeks in the vicinity of Graysville.
The Knox Group
The formations constituting the Knox group are of upper Cambrian and lower Ordovician age. At present, the Copper Ridge formation is considered to be upper Cambrian, and the Chepultepec, the Longview, and the Newala formations to be lower Ordovician. Although Butts separates the Newala from the Knox in Georgia because of its easily recognizable lithology, it is the correlative of the upper Knox formations in Tennessee.
The Knox dolomite comprises one of the most widespread groups in northwestern Georgia. Together with the underlying Rome and Conasauga formations it occupies the eastern one-half of the Paleozoic province.
The strata are composed of massively bedded dolomite and limestone with interbedded chert layers and nodules. The dolomite predominates in the lower part and the limestone is more common in the upper part.
Outcrops of the Knox are rare because of the easily soluble nature of the limestone and dolomite and only can be found as scattered exposures or along the major streams. Normally the group can be recognized by the characteristics of the chert residuum and by its topographic expression.
Seldom are fossils found except preserved in the secondary chert. The fossils figured on plate 3 are from the Longview formation and many of them were collected from two localities: Butts' specimens from an isolated exposure on Bamby's Farm two miles west of Trion and from chert residuum along Chickamauga and Hurricane Creeks in the vicinity of Graysville.
Knox Group Gastropods
Bulletin 62, Plate 3
Maps are below in order of occurrance of images.
Image 1.
Lecanospira compacta (Salter).
External mold
Collected at the intersection of old Alabama Road (Ga. Highway 151) and Georgia Highway 2, Index Map 3, location A (Red Circle).
Image 2.
Ophileta complanata
Internal mold
Collected on Hurricane Creek east of Graysville, location 2, on Location Map 2.
Image 3, 4, 6.
Helicotoma tennesseensis
Internal molds
Collected on Hurricane Creek east of Graysville, location 2, on Location Map 2.
Image 5.
Lecanospira sigmoidea
External mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 7.
Orospira sp.
Internal mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 8.
Lecanospira compacta
Internal mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 9.
Lecanospira knoxvillensis
Internal mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 10.
Ophileta grandis
Internal mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 11.
Chepultepecia leisonella
Internal molds
Collection location unrecorded/unknown.
Image 12.
Ophileta sp
Internal mold of umbilical side.
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 13.
Lecanospira salteri
Internal molds in chert
Collected 1.5 miles northwest of Taylorsville, Locality
3 on Location Map 14
Image 14.
Ceratopea calceoliformis
Ventral view
Collected by 1500 feet northeast of Kensington see Kensington maps (there is also a Kensignton error map).
Image 15, 19.
Ceratopea sulcata Oder.
Dorsal and ventral views
Collected one mile south-southwest of Chickamauga, Location 5 on the Chickamauga Locality Map.
Image 16, 20.
Genus, Hormotoma sp.
Internal molds
Collected along L & N railroad east of Graysville, location 6 on L & N Railroad Locality Map.
Image 17.
Genus Orospira sp.
Internal umbilical mold
Collected along L & N railroad east of Graysville, location 6 on L & N Railroad Locality Map.
Image 18.
Helicotoma tennesseensis
Internal mold
Collection locality undocumented
Image 21.
Slab of chert containing casts of gastropods
Collected on Hurricane Creek east of Graysville, location 2, on Location Map 2.
Bulletin 62, Plate 3
Maps are below in order of occurrance of images.
Image 1.
Lecanospira compacta (Salter).
External mold
Collected at the intersection of old Alabama Road (Ga. Highway 151) and Georgia Highway 2, Index Map 3, location A (Red Circle).
Image 2.
Ophileta complanata
Internal mold
Collected on Hurricane Creek east of Graysville, location 2, on Location Map 2.
Image 3, 4, 6.
Helicotoma tennesseensis
Internal molds
Collected on Hurricane Creek east of Graysville, location 2, on Location Map 2.
Image 5.
Lecanospira sigmoidea
External mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 7.
Orospira sp.
Internal mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 8.
Lecanospira compacta
Internal mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 9.
Lecanospira knoxvillensis
Internal mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 10.
Ophileta grandis
Internal mold
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 11.
Chepultepecia leisonella
Internal molds
Collection location unrecorded/unknown.
Image 12.
Ophileta sp
Internal mold of umbilical side.
Collected on Bamby's farm, 2 miles west of Trion,
Index Map 2, location indicated by shaded area (red circle).
Image 13.
Lecanospira salteri
Internal molds in chert
Collected 1.5 miles northwest of Taylorsville, Locality
3 on Location Map 14
Image 14.
Ceratopea calceoliformis
Ventral view
Collected by 1500 feet northeast of Kensington see Kensington maps (there is also a Kensignton error map).
Image 15, 19.
Ceratopea sulcata Oder.
Dorsal and ventral views
Collected one mile south-southwest of Chickamauga, Location 5 on the Chickamauga Locality Map.
Image 16, 20.
Genus, Hormotoma sp.
Internal molds
Collected along L & N railroad east of Graysville, location 6 on L & N Railroad Locality Map.
Image 17.
Genus Orospira sp.
Internal umbilical mold
Collected along L & N railroad east of Graysville, location 6 on L & N Railroad Locality Map.
Image 18.
Helicotoma tennesseensis
Internal mold
Collection locality undocumented
Image 21.
Slab of chert containing casts of gastropods
Collected on Hurricane Creek east of Graysville, location 2, on Location Map 2.
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Plate 4
Ordovician System
Lower Ordovician
The Lower Ordovician beds are restricted to the “Newala" formation as presently defined. It overlies the Knox and in some areas the boundary is marked by basal clastics and an unconformity; in other areas the change in lithology from the Knox is transitional.
The beds include finely crystalline, light-gray massive dolomite, coarsely crystalline dark-gray dolomite, red, yellow, and purple mottled argillaceous limestones and gray to black calcilutites. The varicolored strata near the middle are easily identified and are used extensively for commercial building stone.
Very little or no chert occurs in the fresh rock or in the residual soil. Where exposed in open fields the rock weathers to smooth, rounded surfaces possessing a light blue-gray color. Fossil fragments are abundant in some layers and weathered sections of gastropods frequently can be seen on the surface of the boulders.
Middle Ordovician
The rocks which comprise the Middle Ordovician are predominantly limestones, but facies of siltstones and shales appear in the lower and upper parts of this group of rocks.
Chert is common throughout the section and occurs as dark gray to black nodular masses very irregular in shape, size, and orientation within the limy strata. The resistance of the chert to weathering allows it to stand out in relief on exposures of the limestones or to accumulate in the residual soils derived from them.
The limestones are dominantly gray in color but frequently strata of dark brown to black calcilutites are interbedded with the limestone. Near the top of the section a change in facies from limestone to red and yellow siltstones occurs in the eastern part of the Paleozoic area.
Weathered exposures of the Middle Ordovician strata vary from thin bedded, shard-like surfaces to massive, rounded and fluted boulders. Fossils are numerous in the limestones but the siltstones and shale strata seldom produce identifiable remains.
According to Butts' terminology of Ordovician formations, the rocks of the "Murfreesboro", "Mosheim", "Lenoir", "Lebanon", "Holston", "Athens", "Tellico", "Ottossee", and "Lowville-Moccasin" formations comprise the Middle Ordovician.
Upper Ordovician
The Upper Ordovician section is composed essentially of limestones with interbedded bentonites in the lower part, argillaceous limestones in the middle part, and argillaceous limestones with interbedded siltstones in the upper part. Lithologic changes are both transitional and sudden.
The limestones are fine- to coarse-grained, massive- to thin-bedded, light gray to dark gray in color. The bentonites, interbedded with the limestones, are green to yellowish green in color, friable and are seldom exposed except in quarry faces and in roadcuts. Beneath the bentonites thin beds of gray to brown secondary chert are found replacing the underlying limestones. The chert beds are very resistant to weathering and are. therefore, ideal horizon markers.
The limestones, upon weathering, generally break up into discoidal shards which cover the eroded slopes or are exposed as disconnected boulders with highly fragmented surfaces. Massive strata are frequently exposed as light gray, rounded to fluted boulders which follow the strike.
Fossils are more abundant in this part of the Ordovician than in any other and are well-preserved when replaced by silica.
Butts' formations which have been placed in the Upper Ordovician are the "Trenton", Maysville", and "Sequatchie".
Lower Ordovician
The Lower Ordovician beds are restricted to the “Newala" formation as presently defined. It overlies the Knox and in some areas the boundary is marked by basal clastics and an unconformity; in other areas the change in lithology from the Knox is transitional.
The beds include finely crystalline, light-gray massive dolomite, coarsely crystalline dark-gray dolomite, red, yellow, and purple mottled argillaceous limestones and gray to black calcilutites. The varicolored strata near the middle are easily identified and are used extensively for commercial building stone.
Very little or no chert occurs in the fresh rock or in the residual soil. Where exposed in open fields the rock weathers to smooth, rounded surfaces possessing a light blue-gray color. Fossil fragments are abundant in some layers and weathered sections of gastropods frequently can be seen on the surface of the boulders.
Middle Ordovician
The rocks which comprise the Middle Ordovician are predominantly limestones, but facies of siltstones and shales appear in the lower and upper parts of this group of rocks.
Chert is common throughout the section and occurs as dark gray to black nodular masses very irregular in shape, size, and orientation within the limy strata. The resistance of the chert to weathering allows it to stand out in relief on exposures of the limestones or to accumulate in the residual soils derived from them.
The limestones are dominantly gray in color but frequently strata of dark brown to black calcilutites are interbedded with the limestone. Near the top of the section a change in facies from limestone to red and yellow siltstones occurs in the eastern part of the Paleozoic area.
Weathered exposures of the Middle Ordovician strata vary from thin bedded, shard-like surfaces to massive, rounded and fluted boulders. Fossils are numerous in the limestones but the siltstones and shale strata seldom produce identifiable remains.
According to Butts' terminology of Ordovician formations, the rocks of the "Murfreesboro", "Mosheim", "Lenoir", "Lebanon", "Holston", "Athens", "Tellico", "Ottossee", and "Lowville-Moccasin" formations comprise the Middle Ordovician.
Upper Ordovician
The Upper Ordovician section is composed essentially of limestones with interbedded bentonites in the lower part, argillaceous limestones in the middle part, and argillaceous limestones with interbedded siltstones in the upper part. Lithologic changes are both transitional and sudden.
The limestones are fine- to coarse-grained, massive- to thin-bedded, light gray to dark gray in color. The bentonites, interbedded with the limestones, are green to yellowish green in color, friable and are seldom exposed except in quarry faces and in roadcuts. Beneath the bentonites thin beds of gray to brown secondary chert are found replacing the underlying limestones. The chert beds are very resistant to weathering and are. therefore, ideal horizon markers.
The limestones, upon weathering, generally break up into discoidal shards which cover the eroded slopes or are exposed as disconnected boulders with highly fragmented surfaces. Massive strata are frequently exposed as light gray, rounded to fluted boulders which follow the strike.
Fossils are more abundant in this part of the Ordovician than in any other and are well-preserved when replaced by silica.
Butts' formations which have been placed in the Upper Ordovician are the "Trenton", Maysville", and "Sequatchie".
Image 1.
Maclurites magnus
Cross section of specimen showing whorl
Collected by C. Butts on Tennessee highway 60, .25 mile north
of Georgia state line, location 7 on map in pocket.
Image 2.
Coelocaulus linearis
Weathered cross section showing arrangement of whorls, X 1.
Collected 500 feet east of road and 2 miles southwest of Chickamauga, Site 8 on Location Map 2.
Image 3.
Orthoconic cephalopod.
Natural cast of cone
Collected in Fisher's Quarry south of Chickamauga, Site 8 on Location Map 2.
Image 4.
Gonioceras anceps
Part of specimen showing septal arrangement
Collected in Rabbit Valley, 1.5 miles north of Ringgold
Index Map 3, location C.
Maclurites magnus
Cross section of specimen showing whorl
Collected by C. Butts on Tennessee highway 60, .25 mile north
of Georgia state line, location 7 on map in pocket.
Image 2.
Coelocaulus linearis
Weathered cross section showing arrangement of whorls, X 1.
Collected 500 feet east of road and 2 miles southwest of Chickamauga, Site 8 on Location Map 2.
Image 3.
Orthoconic cephalopod.
Natural cast of cone
Collected in Fisher's Quarry south of Chickamauga, Site 8 on Location Map 2.
Image 4.
Gonioceras anceps
Part of specimen showing septal arrangement
Collected in Rabbit Valley, 1.5 miles north of Ringgold
Index Map 3, location C.
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Plate 5
Plate 5.
Fossils of the Middle Ordovician Formations
Image 1, 2.
Hesperorthis tricenaria
Views of ventral and dorsal valves, X 1.
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Location Map, Location 9.
Image 3.
Archaeorthis elongata
View of ventral valve
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Map location 9.
Image 4.
Orthoambonites eucharis
View of ventral valve
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Map Location 9.
Image 5.
Lingula sp.
External view of the valve
Collected south of Ringgold on Georgia highway 151, Index
Map 3, Location A.
Image 6.
Pionodema subaequata
View showing ventral valve
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Map Location 9.
Image 7.
Hebertella sp.
View showing ventral valve
Collected on Stringfellow's farm in Rabbit Valley north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location F.
Image 8.
Hebertella sp.
View showing the ventral valve.
Collected on Stringfellow's farm in Rabbit Valley north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location F.
Image 9.
Zygospira recurvirostris
External view of ventral valve
Collected on Stringfellow's farm in Rabbit Valley north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location F.
Image 10.
Ancistrorhyncha costata
External view of dorsal valve
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location E.
Image 11.
Rhynchotrema minnesotense
External view of ventral valve, X 1.
Collected on east side of Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Image 12.
Strophomena filitexta
View showing incomplete valve.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Image 13.
Rafinesquina nasuta
View showing exterior of valve.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Image 14.
Dinorthis (Valcourea) deflecta
Interval view of valve.
Collected near power substation 4 miles north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location F.
Image 15.
Finkelnburgia virginica
Internal cast.
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, location E.
Image 16.
Calliops callicephala
Pygidium
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, location E.
Image 17.
Bathyurus extans
Pygidium.
Collected north of Cloud Springs Road in East Ridge Quadrangle, Location Map, Location 11.
Image 18.
Raphistomina sp.
Internal cast.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, location B.
Image 19.
Helicotoma declivis.
View of internal cast.
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Location Map, Location 9.
Image 20.
Trochonema sp.
Lateral view of internal cast.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Image 21, 22.
Rafinesquina minnesotensis
Ventral and Dorsal valves, X 1.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, location B.
Image 23.
Sonerbyella lebanonensis.
Exterior of ventral valve.
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Location Map, Location 9.
Image 24.
Glyptorthis bellarugosa
Exterior of ventral valve
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Location Map, Location 9.
Image 25, 26.
Trocholina sp. & Leperditia sp.
Internal casts.
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location E.
Image 27.
Rhinidictya sp.
Lateral view of branching zoarium.
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location E.
Image 28.
Leperditia sp.
Complete carapace.
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location E.
Image 29.
Pelecypod.
Internal mold
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Fossils of the Middle Ordovician Formations
Image 1, 2.
Hesperorthis tricenaria
Views of ventral and dorsal valves, X 1.
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Location Map, Location 9.
Image 3.
Archaeorthis elongata
View of ventral valve
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Map location 9.
Image 4.
Orthoambonites eucharis
View of ventral valve
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Map Location 9.
Image 5.
Lingula sp.
External view of the valve
Collected south of Ringgold on Georgia highway 151, Index
Map 3, Location A.
Image 6.
Pionodema subaequata
View showing ventral valve
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Map Location 9.
Image 7.
Hebertella sp.
View showing ventral valve
Collected on Stringfellow's farm in Rabbit Valley north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location F.
Image 8.
Hebertella sp.
View showing the ventral valve.
Collected on Stringfellow's farm in Rabbit Valley north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location F.
Image 9.
Zygospira recurvirostris
External view of ventral valve
Collected on Stringfellow's farm in Rabbit Valley north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location F.
Image 10.
Ancistrorhyncha costata
External view of dorsal valve
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location E.
Image 11.
Rhynchotrema minnesotense
External view of ventral valve, X 1.
Collected on east side of Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Image 12.
Strophomena filitexta
View showing incomplete valve.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Image 13.
Rafinesquina nasuta
View showing exterior of valve.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Image 14.
Dinorthis (Valcourea) deflecta
Interval view of valve.
Collected near power substation 4 miles north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location F.
Image 15.
Finkelnburgia virginica
Internal cast.
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, location E.
Image 16.
Calliops callicephala
Pygidium
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, location E.
Image 17.
Bathyurus extans
Pygidium.
Collected north of Cloud Springs Road in East Ridge Quadrangle, Location Map, Location 11.
Image 18.
Raphistomina sp.
Internal cast.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, location B.
Image 19.
Helicotoma declivis.
View of internal cast.
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Location Map, Location 9.
Image 20.
Trochonema sp.
Lateral view of internal cast.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
Image 21, 22.
Rafinesquina minnesotensis
Ventral and Dorsal valves, X 1.
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, location B.
Image 23.
Sonerbyella lebanonensis.
Exterior of ventral valve.
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Location Map, Location 9.
Image 24.
Glyptorthis bellarugosa
Exterior of ventral valve
Collected on the eastern boundary of Chickamauga Park. Location Map, Location 9.
Image 25, 26.
Trocholina sp. & Leperditia sp.
Internal casts.
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location E.
Image 27.
Rhinidictya sp.
Lateral view of branching zoarium.
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location E.
Image 28.
Leperditia sp.
Complete carapace.
Collected in quarry west of B. M. 120 in Rabbit Valley north of
Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location E.
Image 29.
Pelecypod.
Internal mold
Collected in roadcut on Georgia highway 151 north of Ringgold, Index Map 3, Location B.
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PLATE 6.
Fossils of the Middle Ordovician Formations
Image 1.
Solenopora compacta
View showing colonial structure.
Collected 2.5 miles north of Catlett Gap, Location Map, Location 12
Image 2.
Solenopora compacta Bil
Polished section showing internal structure.
Collected on Mill Creek, northwest corner of the
Kensington Quadrangle, Location Map, Location 13.
Image 3.
Hesperorthis tricenaria & Sowerbvella lebanonensis.
Slab of limestone showing numerous specimens of both.
Collected along railroad in Kensington Quadrangle, east of the
McLemore Cove Road, Location Map, Location 14.
Image 4.
Solenopora compacta Billings.
Thin section, enlarged
Collected along railroad in Kensington Quadrangle, east of the
McLemore Cove Road, Location Map, Location 14.
Image 5.
Multicostella sp.
Exterior view of ventral valve
Collected on Mill Creek, northwest corner of the
Kensington Quadrangle, Location Map, Location 13.
Image 6.
Lophospira sp.
Internal mold.
Collected south of Viniard Field, Chickamauga Park,
Location Map, Location 15.
Image 7.
Tetradium columnare
Top view of calyx. enlarged
Collected on Mill Creek, northwest corner of the
Kensington Quadrangle, Location Map, Location 13.
Fossils of the Middle Ordovician Formations
Image 1.
Solenopora compacta
View showing colonial structure.
Collected 2.5 miles north of Catlett Gap, Location Map, Location 12
Image 2.
Solenopora compacta Bil
Polished section showing internal structure.
Collected on Mill Creek, northwest corner of the
Kensington Quadrangle, Location Map, Location 13.
Image 3.
Hesperorthis tricenaria & Sowerbvella lebanonensis.
Slab of limestone showing numerous specimens of both.
Collected along railroad in Kensington Quadrangle, east of the
McLemore Cove Road, Location Map, Location 14.
Image 4.
Solenopora compacta Billings.
Thin section, enlarged
Collected along railroad in Kensington Quadrangle, east of the
McLemore Cove Road, Location Map, Location 14.
Image 5.
Multicostella sp.
Exterior view of ventral valve
Collected on Mill Creek, northwest corner of the
Kensington Quadrangle, Location Map, Location 13.
Image 6.
Lophospira sp.
Internal mold.
Collected south of Viniard Field, Chickamauga Park,
Location Map, Location 15.
Image 7.
Tetradium columnare
Top view of calyx. enlarged
Collected on Mill Creek, northwest corner of the
Kensington Quadrangle, Location Map, Location 13.
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Plates 7 to 38
Original Index Maps
(Index Map 3 missing off the below download from the Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletins page, R0bert Gluck supplied the version seen here. Thanks, Robert!)
(Index Map 3 missing off the below download from the Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletins page, R0bert Gluck supplied the version seen here. Thanks, Robert!)
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The original 1954 paper can be downloaded to the right.......
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References
- Allen. A. T.; Lester, J.G.; Contributions to the Paleontology of Northwest Georgia; Bulletin 62, Georgia Geological Survey, Department of Mines, Mining & Geology, 1954